Furukawa, S., Fujita, T., Shimabukuro, M., Iwaki, M., Yamada, Y., Nakajima, Y., Nakayama, O., Makishima, M., Matsuda, M., and Shimomura, I.: Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome. J. Clin. Invest., 114, 1752–1761, 2004.
[2] Holvoet, P., Lee, D.H., Steffes, M., Gross, M., and Jacobs, D.R.Jr.: Association between circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein and incidence of the metabolic syndrome. JAMA, 299, 2287–2293, 2008.
[3] Ford, E.S., Giles, W.H., and Dietz, W.H.: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA, 287, 356–359, 2002.
[4] Grundy, S.M., Brewer, H.B. Jr., Cleeman, J.I., Smith, S.C.Jr., and Lenfant, C.: Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation, 109, 433–438, 2004.
[5] Dean, R.T., Fu, S., Stocker, R., and Davies, M.J.: Biochemistry and pathology of radical-mediated protein oxidation. Biochem. J., 324, 1–18, 1997.
[6] Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J.M., and Cross, C.E.: Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease: where are we now?. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 119, 598–620, 1992.
[7] Ford, E.S., Mokdad, A.H., Giles, W.H., and Brown, D.W.: The metabolic syndrome and antioxidant concentrations: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes, 52, 2346–2352, 2003.
[8] Villeponteau, B., Cockrell, R., and Feng, J.: Nutraceutical interventions may delay aging and the age-related diseases. Exp. Gerontol., 35, 1405–1417, 2000.
[9] Halliwell, B.: Reactive oxygen species in living systems: source, biochemistry, and role in human disease. Am. J. Med., 91, 14S–22S, 1991.
[10] Ohsawa, I., Ishikawa, M., Takahashi, K., Watanabe, M., Nishimaki, K., Yamagata, K., Katsura, K., Katayama, Y., Asoh, S., and Ohta, S.: Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals. Nat. Med., 13, 688–694, 2007.
[11] Buchholz, B.M., Kaczorowski, D.J., Sugimoto, R., Yang, R., Wang, Y., Billiar, T.R., McCurry, K.R., Bauer, A.J., and Nakao, A.: Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates oxidative stress in transplantation induced intestinal graft injury. Am. J. Transplant., 8, 2015–2024, 2008.
[12] N.A.S.A.: Safety Standard for Hydrogen and Hydrogen Systems. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2005.
[13] Ohsawa, I., Nishimaki, K., Yamagata, K., Ishikawa, M., and Ohta, S.: Consumption of hydrogen water prevents atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 377, 1195–1198, 2008.
[14] Nakashima-Kamimura, N., Mori, T., Ohsawa, I., Asoh, S., and Ohta, S.: Molecular hydrogen alleviates nephrotoxicity induced by an anti-cancer drug cisplatin without compromising anti-tumor activity in mice. Cancer. Chemother. Pharmacol., 64, 753–761, 2009.
[15] Sato, Y., Kajiyama, S., Amano, A., Kondo, Y., Sasaki, T., Handa, S., Takahashi, R., Fukui, M., Hasegawa, G., Nakamura, N., Fujinawa, H., Mori, T., Ohta, M., Obayashi, H., Maruyama, N., and Ishigami, A.: Hydrogen-rich pure water prevents superoxide formation in brain slices of vitamin C-depleted SMP30/GNL knockout mice. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 375, 346–350, 2008.
[16] Cardinal, J.S., Zhan, J., Wang, Y., Sugimoto, R., Tsung, A., McCurry, K.R., Billiar, T.R., and Nakao, A.: Oral administration of hydrogen water prevents chronic allograft nephropathy in renal transplantation. Kidney Int., 2009, in press.
[17] Kajiyama, S., Hasegawa, G., Asano, M., Hosoda, H., Fukui, M., Nakamura, N., Kitawaki, J., Imai, S., Nakano, K., Ohta, M., Adachi, T., Obayashi, H., and Yoshikawa, T.: Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Nutr. Res., 28, 137–143, 2008.
[18] Yagi, K.: Simple procedure for specific assay of lipid hydroperoxides in serum or plasma. Methods. Mol. Biol., 108, 107–110, 1998.
[19] Loft, S., Fischer-Nielsen, A., Jeding, I.B., Vistisen, K., and Poulsen, H.E.: 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine as a urinary biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health., 40, 391–404, 1993.
[20] Kinnula, V.L. and Crapo, J.D.: Superoxide dismutases in the lung and human lung diseases. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med., 167, 1600–1619, 2003.
[21] Noor, R., Mittal, S., and Iqbal, J.: Superoxide dismutase—applications and relevance to human diseases. Med. Sci. Monit., 8, RA210–215, 2002.
[22] Fukai, T., Folz, R.J., Landmesser, U., and Harrison, D.G.: Extracellular superoxide dismutase and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc. Res., 55, 239–249, 2002.
[23] Batiste, M.C. and Schaefer, E.J.: Diagnosis and management of lipoprotein abnormalities. Nutr. Clin. Care, 5, 115–123, 2002.
[24] Whitfield, J.B.: Gamma glutamyl transferase. Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci., 38, 263–355, 2001.
[25] Lee, D.H., Blomhoff, R., and Jacobs, D.R.Jr.: Is serum gamma glutamyltransferase a marker of oxidative stress? Free Radic. Res., 38, 535–539, 2004.
[26] Schwertner, H.A., Jackson, W.G., and Tolan, G.: Association of low serum concentration of bilirubin with increased risk of coronary artery disease. Clin. Chem., 40, 18–23, 1994.
[27] Madhavan, M., Wattigney, W.A., Srinivasan, S.R., and Berenson, G.S.: Serum bilirubin distribution and its relation to cardiovascular risk in children and young adults. Atherosclerosis, 131, 107–113, 1997.
[28] Tenhunen, R., Marver, H.S., and Schmid, R.: The enzymatic conversion of heme to bilirubin by microsomal heme oxygenase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 61, 748–755, 1968.
[29] Otterbein, L.E., Soares, M.P., Yamashita, K., and Bach, F.H.: Heme oxygenase-1: unleashing the protective properties of heme. Trends. Immunol., 24, 449–455, 2003.
[30] Dilsiz, N., Olcucu, A., Cay, M., Naziroglu, M., and Cobanoglu, D.: Protective effects of selenium, vitamin C and vitamin E against oxidative stress of cigarette smoke in rats. Cell Biochem. Funct., 17, 1–7, 1999.